Julius caesar achievements

Caesarism

Political philosophy inspired by Caesar

In political science, the term Caesarism identifies and describes an authoritarian, populist, and autocratic ideology inspired by Julius Caesar, the leader of Rome, from 49 BC to 44 BC.[1][2]

History

The German historian Johann Friedrich Böhmer first used the term Caesarism in , to describe the state's political subordination of the Roman Catholic Church.[1] Published in , Auguste Romieu's L'ère des Césars defined Caesarism as the military rule and régime of a warlord, and "following Romieu's polemic, 'Caesarism' quickly gained vogue status."[1] In , the religious writer Orestes Brownson used the term Caesarism to mean rule and régime of absolute monarchy.[1] In , the mainstream usage of the term occurs in a Westminster Review article of political criticism about the "clumsy eulogies of Caesarism as [being] incarnate in the dynasty of Bonaparte".[1]

As an admirer of Julius Caesar, Napoléon Bonaparte espoused Caesarism as a justification of his rule and régime of on III's policy under the Second French Empire, which combined an authoritarian regime and a proactive social policy, notably with the Ollivier law of , can be described as a form of "social Caesarism".[4] According to historian Louis Girard (historian)&#;[fr], this policy aims in particular to rally the workers to the regime in the face of hostile liberal bosses.[5]

Benjamin Disraeli was accused of Caesarism in March when, in anticipation of war with Russia, he mobilised British reserves and called Indian troops to Malta.

Gaius julius caesar biography So, the triumvirate had taken a seat away from the aristocratic Optimate party, and the alliance achieved a position to take what they wanted. After the Mithridatic Wars, Pompey returned to Rome as a private citizen with two requests. Find out more about page archiving. In 48 BC, in the battle of Dyrrhacium, Caesar barely avoided a catastrophic defeat.

G.&#;K. Chesterton made one of the most ringing denunciations of Caesarism in his work Heretics, calling it "the worst form of slavery".[6]

Sociologist Max Weber believed that every mass democracy went in a Caesarist direction. Professor of law Gerhard Casper writes, "Weber employed the term to stress, inter alia, the plebiscitary character of elections, disdain for parliament, the non-toleration of autonomous powers within the government and a failure to attract or suffer independent political minds."[7]

20th century

A so-called "democratic" form of Caesarism has been advocated by theorists like Venezuela's Laureano Vallenilla Lanz in Cesarismo Democrático ().[8]ItalianDuceBenito Mussolini and the ideology of Italian fascism espoused Caesarism.[9]

Antonio Gramsci stated that the roots of Caesarism lie at the level of a "crisis of authority," which is also a crisis of representation that occurs when social groups no longer identify with political parties.

These then become anachronistic, allowing a Caesarist solution to emerge. In the Italian case, Gramsci locates the causes of this socio-political disintegration in the destabilizing experience of the First World War, where the large peasant masses were forced to fight.

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    • At the same time, they had been passive during the Risorgimento. Caesarism is a macro-social phenomenon and cannot be driven by the emergence of an individual; this phenomenon, therefore, fulfills a political function. Furthermore, Gramsci evokes the possibility of a "Caesarism without Caesar" but implemented by a group like the British National Government bringing together the Conservatives and Labour.[10]

    Oswald Spengler described Caeserism as a final phase of modernity that would succeed democracy.

    21st century

    According to French historian Christian-Georges Schwentzel in the 21st century, Vladimir Putin and Recep Tayyip Erdoğan partly took over this Caesarean model by adapting it, responding at the same time to a desire for authority and grandeur emanating from their peoples.[11][12] In the s, parts of the American right-wing, especially those associated with the Claremont Institute think tank, have advocated for "Red Caesarism" as an authoritarian solution to problems facing the US.[13]

    See also

    References

    1. ^ abcdeBaehr, Peter ().

      Caesarism, Charisma and Fate: Historical Sources and Modern Resonances in the Work of Max Weber. Transaction Publishers. pp.&#;32– ISBN&#;.

    2. ^"Caesarism".

    3. Julius caesar biography for kids
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      6. The Free Dictionary.

    6. ^Ferraton, Cyrille[in French] (). Associations et coopératives, Une autre histoire économique [Associations and cooperatives, Another economic story] (in French). ERES. p.&#;
    7. ^Girard, Louis[in French] (). "Les élections de " [The elections of ].

      Revue d'Histoire du xixe siècle - (in French). 21 (1): X.

    8. ^Chesterton, G.K."Heretics".
    9. ^"Caesarism in Democratic Politics: Reflections on Max Weber".
    10. ^von Vacano, Diego A. ().

      Julies ceaser biography Through these engagements, Caesar not only secured wealth and resources for Rome but also enhanced his popularity back home, establishing himself as a central figure in the Roman political landscape. The new title allowed him to enter the Senate. Our dedicated Editorial team verifies each of the articles published on the Biographyhost. Ignoring these omens, he went to the Senate, where a group of men, including his closest friend Brutus, waited for him to kill.

      The Color of Citizenship: Race, Modernity and Latin American / Hispanic Political Thought. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp.&#;83– ISBN&#;.

    11. ^Gentile, Emilio (). The Struggle for Modernity: Nationalism, Futurism, and Fascism.

      Julius caesar biography for kids: This wealth derived from various sources, including spoils of war from his conquests in Gaul and Egypt, land ownership, and political patronage. His family were closely connected with the Marian faction in Roman politics. Their union was resistant to political pressures, earning Caesar the ire of Sulla, who demanded he divorce Cornelia. One notable conquest was during the campaign against the Helvetii tribe in 58 BCE, which was marked by the decisive Battle of Bibracte.

      Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishers. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.

    12. ^Hoare, George (). An Introduction to Antonio Gramsci: His Life, Thought and Legacy Paperback. Bloomsbury Academic.

      Julius caesar shakespeare They say every angle of Rome has its history, and I'm here to tell you about the most intriguing historical facts and city legends. In 53 BC, Crassus died, and the triumvirate stopped existing. His military prowess and ruthless tactics earned him a formidable reputation. Consequently, Caesar needed Crassus and Pompey to support him politically to consolidate his power and accomplish what he wanted in Rome.

      pp.&#;58– ISBN&#;.

    13. ^Schwentzel, Christian-Georges[in French] (24 January ). "Trump, Poutine, Erdogan: le désir d'autorité a un précédent: Jules César" [Trump, Putin, Erdogan, Caesars of the 21st century]. Slate (in French). Archived from the original on 26 January Retrieved 13 June
    14. ^Schwentzel, Christian-Georges[in French] ().

      Julius caesar biography Julius Caesar Biography. In 53 BC, Crassus died, and the triumvirate stopped existing. He relocated temporarily to Rhodes to study philosophy. Caesar began an alliance with Gnaeus Pompey Magnus, a powerful military and political leader.

      La Fabrique des Chefs, d'Akhenaton à Donald Trump [The Fabric of Leaders, from Akhenaten to Donald Trump] (in French). Paris: Vendémiaire. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.

    15. ^Wilson, Jason (October 1, ). "'Red Caesarism' is rightwing code – and some Republicans are listening". The Guardian.