The destruction of black civilization audiobook download

Chancellor Williams

American historian (–)

Chancellor Williams

BornChancellor James Williams
()December 22,
Bennettsville, South Carolina, U.S.
DiedDecember 7, () (aged&#;98)
Providence Hospital in Washington, D.C., U.S.
Pen nameJames Williams
OccupationWriter, historian, sociologist
NationalityAmerica
SubjectEgyptology
Notable worksThe Destruction of Black Civilization

Chancellor Williams (December 22, – December 7, ) was an American sociologist, historian and writer.

He is infamous for his work on African civilizations prior to encounters with Europeans; his major work is The Destruction of Black Civilization (/).

Early life, migration, and education

Williams was born on December 22, , in Bennettsville, South Carolina, as the last of five children. His father had been born into slavery and had grown up to gain freedom and voting after the American Civil War.

His mother Dorothy Ann Williams worked as a cook, nurse, and evangelist. The family suffered after Democrats regained power in the state legislature in the late 19th century and passed bills disfranchising black citizens, as well as imposing racial segregation and white supremacy under Jim Crow. Williams' innate curiosity about racial inequality and cultural struggles, particularly those of African Americans, began as early as his fifth-grade year.

Encouraged by a sixth-grade teacher, he sold The Crisis, published by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP); and The Norfolk Journal and Guide, as well as reading them and using their recommended books to direct his studies.[1]

Years later, he was quoted in an interview as saying:

I was very sensitive about the position of black people in the town I wanted to know how you explain this great difference.

How is it that we were in such low circumstances as compared to the whites? And when they answered 'slavery' as the explanation, then I wanted to know where we came from.[2]

As part of the Great Migration out of the rural South, the Williams family moved to Washington, DC, in His father hoped for more opportunity there, especially in education, and Williams graduated from Armstrong Technical High School.[3] Williams' mother died in , leaving his father a widower.

All their children were grown by then.

After working for a while, Williams entered college at Howard University, a historically black college. He earned an undergraduate degree in education in , followed by a master's degree in history in After completing a doctoral dissertation on the socioeconomic significance of the storefront church movement in the United States since , he was awarded a Ph.D.

in sociology by American University in [3]

International studies

Williams began his studies abroad in England as a visiting professor to the universities of Oxford and London in and In , he did field research in African history at Ghana's University College. At that time, his focus was on African achievements and the many self-ruling civilizations that had arisen and operated on the continent long before the coming of Europeans or East Asians.

His last study, completed in , covered 26 countries and more than language groupings.

Career

In , Williams started as Administrative Principal for the Cheltenham School for Boys in Maryland. Four years later, he became a teacher in the Washington, DC, public schools. With World War II imminent, he entered the civil service system in the Federal government in , serving as section chief of the Census Bureau, a statistician for War Relocation Board, and an economist in Office of Price Administration.

In , he returned to his alma mater Howard University as a social science instructor, teaching until He transferred to the history department. By the s, he was lecturing and writing about African history from a position of Afrocentrism. He concentrated on African civilizations before the European encounter, and was one of a group of scholars who asserted that Egypt had been a black civilization.

He was a scholar at Howard until his retirement in Afterward he continued his studies and writing.

The Destruction of Black Civilization

In /, Williams published his major work, The Destruction of Black Civilization: Great Issues of a Race Between B.C. and A.D..[4] The following year, the book received an award from the Black Academy of Arts and Letters (BAAL), founded in New York in [5] He asserted the validity of the Black Egyptian hypothesis and that Ancient Egypt was predominantly a black civilization.

Williams' central thesis is that Egypt, particularly Upper Egypt constituted the Northern boundary of a larger Ethiopian empire rooted in Napata and Kerma. Further, Williams asserts the king Narmer unifies Upper and Lower Egypt by compelling political unity among 'Asiatics' then resident in the Nile Delta.

He further asserts in Chapter III, Egypt: The Rise and Fall of Black Civilization, that the name "Egyptian" becomes a referent to the children of Africans and Asians who reside throughout the country, rather than to either Africans or Asiatics residing at the respective ends of the Nile Valley and beyond (pg.

). [6] at the UNESCO "Symposium on the Peopling of Ancient Egypt and the Deciphering of the Meroitic Script" in Cairo in [7] Mainstream scholars have abandoned the notion that traditional, racial categories can be applied to Ancient Egypt; they maintain that, despite the phenotypic diversity of Ancient and present-day Egyptians, applying modern notions of black or white races to ancient Egypt is anachronistic.[8][9][10] In addition, scholars reject the notion, implicit in the notion of a black or white Egypt hypothesis, that Ancient Egypt was racially homogeneous; instead, skin color varied between the peoples of Lower Egypt, Upper Egypt, and Nubia, who in various eras rose to power in Ancient Egypt.

Within Egyptian history, despite multiple foreign invasions, the demographics were not shifted substantially by large migrations.[11][12][13] Although, various scholars have argued that the origins of the Egyptian civilisation derived from communities which emerged in both the Saharan and Sudanese regions of the Nile Valley.[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]

Death

Williams died of respiratory failure on December 7, , aged 98, at Providence Hospital in Washington, DC.

He had been a resident of the Washington Center for Aging Services for several years. He was survived by his wife of 65 years, Mattie Williams of Washington, and 14 children; 36 grandchildren; 38 great-grandchildren; and 10 great-great-grandchildren.[3]

Books

Legacy and honors

  • award from Black Academy of Arts and Letters

See also

References

  1. ^Williams, Chancellor James (), The Destruction of Black Civilization, Chicago: Third World Press, p.

  2. ^Petrie, Phil W. (December ). "DR. CHANCELLOR WILLIAMS: Celebrating Our Glorious History".

    He argues if Blacks only understood the true history of their greatness, and came together once again, they could be great once again. Four years later, he became a teacher in the Washington, DC, public schools. Further, African empires preferred to expand on the basis of shared cultural values, rather than force and brutality. Chancellor Williams before.

    Essence. 12 (8): 74–75, , , ProQuest&#; Retrieved 8 July

  3. ^ abc"Chancellor Williams, 98, Dies; Professor of African History", The Washington Post, December 12, , p. B
  4. ^Williams, Chancellor ().

    The Destruction of Black Civilization: Great Issues of a Race Between B.C. and A.D.(PDF). Murry N. DePillars (Illustrator) (2nd; scanned online&#;ed.). Chicago: Third World Press.

  5. ^"History".

    Chancellor williams destruction of black civilization People talk a lot about tolerance these days. This is a book that all should read. Williams was born on December 22, , in Bennettsville , South Carolina , as the last of five children. Chancellor Williams Affichage d'extraits -

    The Black Academy of Arts and Letters. Archived from the original on March 4, Retrieved August 18,

  6. ^
    • Pg 43 - "Professor Diop's theory was rejected in its entirety by one participant"
    • p46 - "The conclusion of the experts who did not accept the theory, put forward by Professors Cheikh Anta Diop and Obenga, that the Nile Valley population had been homogenous from the earliest times until the Persian invasion, was that the basic population of Egypt settled there in Neolithic times, that it originated largely in the Sahara and that it comprised people from the north and from the south of the Sahara who were differentiated by their colour".Ancient civilizations of Africa (Abridged&#;ed.).

      London [England]: J. Currey. pp.&#;43– ISBN&#;.

  7. ^"Two categories of objection were made to the ideas propounded by Professor Diop. These objections revealed the extent of a disagreement which remained profound even though it was not voiced explicitly. Most of the objections raised were of a methodological nature.

  8. Chancellor williams books
  9. The destruction of black civilization chapter summaries
  10. The rebirth of african civilization pdf
  11. Chancellor williams books pdf

    12. Although he hoped that the notion of race would be abandoned and that reference would be made rather to the 'people' of ancient Egypt, Professor Vercoutter agreed that no attempt should be made to estimate percentages, which meant nothing, as it was impossible to establish them without reliable statistical data. He hoped that, before final conclusions were drawn, a series of research projects would be carried out to study the human remains in museums throughout the world and those found in recent excavations." The peopling of ancient Egypt and the deciphering of Meroitic script&#;: proceedings of the symposium held in Cairo from 28 January to 3 February .

    Paris: Unesco. pp.&#;81– ISBN&#;.

  12. ^Lefkowitz, Mary R; Rogers, Guy Maclean (). Black Athena Revisited.

    Chancellor williams Williams came to write the book and how it was written after he began losing his eyesight shows that it will continue to stand the test of time. In , he returned to his alma mater Howard University as a social science instructor, teaching until Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Version papier du livre.

    UNC Press Books. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved

  13. ^Bard, Kathryn A.; Shubert, Steven Blake (). Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt. Routledge.

    Who wrote the destruction of black civilization: Within Egyptian history, despite multiple foreign invasions, the demographics were not shifted substantially by large migrations. The family suffered after Democrats regained power in the state legislature in the late 19th century and passed bills disfranchising black citizens , as well as imposing racial segregation and white supremacy under Jim Crow. Williams began his studies abroad in England as a visiting professor to the universities of Oxford and London in and From allowing minority non-African populations to marry into power, to trying to unite and integrate with these populations, Williams contrasts Africans with non-Africans by arguing that the latter had a long term vision for the future that the former lacked.

    p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved 28 May

  14. ^Howe, Stephen (). Afrocentrism: Mythical Pasts and Imagined Homes. Verso.

  17. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved 28 May

  18. ^Montellano, Bernard R. Ortiz De (). "Melanin, afrocentricity, and pseudoscience". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 36 (S17): 33– doi/ajpa ISSN&#;
  19. ^Aïdi, Hisham (6 March ). "Slavery, Genocide and the Politics of Outrage".

    MERIP. Retrieved 8 March

  20. ^Brace, C. Loring; Tracer, David P.; Yaroch, Lucia Allen; Robb, John; Brandt, Kari; Nelson, A. Russell (). "Clines and clusters versus 'Race': a test in ancient Egypt and the case of a death on the Nile". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 36 (S17): 1– doi/ajpa S2CID&#;
  21. ^Wengrow, David; Dee, Michael; Foster, Sarah; Stevenson, Alice; Ramsey, Christopher Bronk (March ).

    "Cultural convergence in the Neolithic of the Nile Valley: a prehistoric perspective on Egypt's place in Africa". Antiquity. 88 (): 95– doi/SX ISSN&#;X. S2CID&#;

  22. ^Smith, Stuart Tyson (1 January ). "Gift of the Nile? Climate Change, the Origins of Egyptian Civilization and Its Interactions within Northeast Africa".

    Across the Mediterranean – Along the Nile: Studies in Egyptology, Nubiology and Late Antiquity Dedicated to László Török. Budapest: –

  23. ^Vogel, Joseph (). Encyclopedia of precolonial Africa&#;: archaeology, history, languages, cultures, and environments. Walnut Creek, Calif.: AltaMira Press.

    pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.

  24. ^Wilkinson, Toby; Butzer, Karl W.; Huyge, Dirk; Hendrickx, Stan; Kendall, Timothy; Shaw, Ian (April ). "Review Feature: A review of Genesis of the Pharaohs: Dramatic New Discoveries that Rewrite the Origins of Ancient Egypt, by Toby Wilkinson. London: Thames & Hudson, ISBN hardback £; pp., 87 ills., 25 in colour".

    Cambridge Archaeological Journal. 14 (1): – doi/S ISSN&#;

  25. ^Bàrta, Miroslav (). Swimmers in the sand&#;: on the neolithic origins of the ancient Egyptian mythology and symbolism (1st&#;ed.). Prague: Dryada. pp.&#;1– ISBN&#;.
  26. ^Keita, Shomarka O. Y.

    (May ). "royal incest and diffusion in Africa". American Ethnologist.

    Chancellor williams destruction of black civilization pdf Book 2 is a call to action based on the hurried work of book 1. This is the age of plurality of knowledge. While these United States just watches. It's an overview.

    8 (2): – doi/aea

  27. ^Midant-Reynes, Béatrix (). The prehistory of Egypt&#;: from the first Egyptians to the first pharaohs. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers. pp.&#;1– ISBN&#;.
  28. ^Godde, K. (July ). "A new analysis interpreting Nilotic relationships and peopling of the Nile Valley".

    Homo: Internationale Zeitschrift für die Vergleichende Forschung am Menschen. 69 (4): – doi/ ISSN&#; PMID&#; S2CID&#;

  29. ^Wendorf, Fred; Schild, Romuald (1 June ). "Nabta Playa and Its Role in Northeastern African Prehistory". Journal of Anthropological Archaeology. 17 (2): 97– doi/jaar ISSN&#;
  30. ^Davidson, Basil ().

    Africa in History&#;: themes and outlines (Rev. and expanded&#;ed.). New York: Collier Books. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

Further reading

  • Contemporary Authors Online, Gale, Reproduced in Biography Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Thomson Gale,

External links